⚡ Quick Answer
In 2025/26: personal allowance is £12,570 (0% tax), basic rate is 20% up to £50,270, higher rate is 40% to £125,140, additional rate is 45% above £125,140. National Insurance is 8% on earnings £12,570–£50,270 and 2% above.
Income Tax & NI Calculator 2025/26
2025/26 Income Tax Bands (England, Wales & NI)
| Band | Taxable Income | Tax Rate |
|---|---|---|
| Personal Allowance | Up to £12,570 | 0% |
| Basic Rate | £12,571–£50,270 | 20% |
| Higher Rate | £50,271–£125,140 | 40% |
| Additional Rate | Over £125,140 | 45% |
Source: GOV.UK income tax rates 2025/26 ↗
Frequently Asked Questions
- Check your tax code after any job or benefit change — millions are wrong each year
- File by 31 January even if you can't pay — Time to Pay spreads bills; late filing compounds penalties
- Claim the small reliefs — they stack to hundreds per year
- Pension contributions near £60k/£100k thresholds carry 60%+ effective relief
Insider Notes
Tax bands create cliff edges worth planning around: the £60k and £100k thresholds carry hidden marginal rates. Salary sacrifice near a cliff edge is exceptionally efficient.
HMRC is more flexible before the deadline than after: Time to Pay arrangements are routinely granted online for bills under £30,000, whereas ignored deadlines compound at £10/day after three months.
The UK tax system quietly rewards paperwork: Marriage Allowance (worth over £1,200 with backdating), uniform and mileage relief, working-from-home relief where eligible — each takes minutes and most eligible people never claim.
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